Bibliometric guide to photographs of male participants in early exercise and physical medicine research

The history of exercise science research has undergone relatively little examination, and exercise science students receive little education about the field’s history. Photographs are tools that lecturers and writers can use to educate audiences about history. Yet, no resource exists that tells educators where they can find photographs of individuals participating in early studies about exercise or related topics (e.g., physical education, physical medicine). Here, the aim was to identify papers published before 1980 that contain photographs of boys and men participating in studies about exercise or related topics, aggregate the papers into a bibliometric list, and describe the photographs. The current research focused on boys and men to give male experiences and contributions their own space for acknowledgement. The entire digital archives of Journal of Applied Physiology (1948–1979), Medicine and Science in Sports (1969–1979) and Research Quarterly (1930–1979) were searched. Papers published in other journals (e.g., Physical Therapy) were identified via searches of personal digital files from previous historical work. A total of 304 papers were identified. Of these papers, 44.1% were published in Research Quarterly. The earliest paper was published in 1894. The papers included 733 photographs of male participants (46 boys, 475 men), with some males appearing in multiple photographs. Of the 304 papers, 49.0% and 27.3% were classified as research primarily on neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory outcomes, respectively. Educators can use the bibliometric list to identify photographs to include in lectures and writings about the history of exercise science and the contributions made by male research participants.

Boys; Exercise science; Fitness; History; Men

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[15] Spoor HJ. Application of the infra-red analyzer to the study of human energy metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1948; 1: 369–384.

[16] Manning GW, Stewart GW. Effect of body position on incidence of motion sickness. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1949; 1: 619–628.

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[18] Brozek J, Simonson E, Keys A, Snowden A. A test of speed of leg and arm movements. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1952; 4: 753–760.

[19] Warner HR, Swan HJ, Connolly DC, Tompkins RG, Wood EH. Quantitation of beat-to-beat changes in stroke volume from the aortic pulse contour in man. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1953; 5: 495–507.

[20] Hall JF Jr, Polte JW, Kelley RL, Edwards J Jr. Skin and extremity cooling of clothed humans in cold water immersion. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1954; 7: 188–195.

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[23] Duane TD, Lewis DH. Electroretinogram in man during blackout. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1956; 9: 105–110.

[24] Goff LG, Brubach HF, Specht H. Measurements of respiratory responses and work efficiency of underwater swimmers utilizing improved instrumentation. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1957; 10: 197–202.

[25] Rasch PJ, Morehouse LE. Effect of static and dynamic exercises on muscular strength and hypertrophy. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1957; 11: 29–34.

[26] Scholander PF, Hammel HT, Hart JS, Lemessurier DH, Steen J. Cold adaptation in Australian aborigines. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1958; 13: 211–218.

[27] Rigatto M, Fishman AP. Aluminum decompression chamber and body plethysmograph. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1961; 16: 391–392.

[28] Schmidt AM, Cohn JE. Modified body plethysmograph for study of cardiopulmonary physiology. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1961; 16: 935–937.

[29] Sullivan GH, Weltman G. A low-mass electrode for bioelectric recording. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1961; 16: 939–940.

[30] Taylor WL, Behnke AR. Anthropometric comparison of muscular and obese men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1961; 16: 955–959.

[31] Rao S. Metabolic cost of head-stand posture. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1962; 17: 117–118.

[32] Atkins AR, Nicholson JD. An accurate constant-work-rate ergometer. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 205–208.

[33] Buskirk ER, Thompson RH, Whedon GD. Metabolic response to cold air in men and women in relation to total body fat content. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 603–612.

[34] Halliday EC, Hugo TJ. The photodermoplanimeter. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 1285–1289.

[35] Rao S. Cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 987–990.

[36] Schneider RA, Costiloe JP, Vega A, Wolf S. Olfactory threshold technique with nitrogen dilution of n-butane and gas chromatography. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 414–417.

[37] Wood EH, Lindberg EF, Code CF, Baldes EJ. Effect of partial immersion in water on response of healthy men to headward acceleration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1963; 18: 1171–1179.

[38] Barry W. A radio telemetering device. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1964; 19: 528–530.

[39] Cook CD, Mead J, Orzalesi MM. Static volume-pressure characteristics of the respiratory system during maximal efforts. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1964; 19: 1016–1022.

[40] Miles WR. Oxygen consumption during three yoga-type breathing patterns. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1964; 19: 75–82.

[41] Rogers TA, Setliff JA, Klopping JC. Energy cost, fluid and electrolyte balance in subarctic survival situations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1964; 19: 1–8.

[42] Astrand P, Ekblom B, Messin R, Saltin B, Stenberg J. Intra-arterial blood pressure during exercise with different muscle groups. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1965; 20: 253–256.

[43] Besch EL, Smith AH, Goren S. Effect of accelerative forces on avian embryogenesis. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1965; 20: 1232–1240.

[44] Gorten RJ. A small, lightweight precordial counter for determination of cardiac output. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1965; 20: 1365–1366.

[45] Morrison P. Body temperatures in some Australian mammals. V. Aboriginals. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1965; 20: 1278–1282.

[46] Bole CT 2nd, Lessler MA. Electromyography of the genioglossus muscles in man. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 1695–1698.

[47] Bouhuys A, Proctor DF, Mead J. Kinetic aspects of singing. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 483–496.

[48] Dempsey JA, Reddan W, Balke B, Rankin J. Work capacity determinants and physiologic cost of weight-supported work in obesity. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 1815–1820.

[49] Kamon E. Electromyography of static and dynamic postures of the body supported on the arms. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 1611–1618.

[50] Moore JC. Facilitation of a forearm flexor response. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 649–654.

[51] Denslow JS, Gutensohn OR. Neuromuscular reflexes in response to gravity. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 23: 243–247.

[52] Guyatt AR, Alpers JH, Davies EE. Design of body plethysmograph for use in field studies. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 390–393.

[53] Hoppin FG Jr, York E, Kuhl DE, Hyde RW. Distribution of pulmonary blood flow as affected by transverse (+Gx) acceleration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 469–474.

[54] Katch F, Michael ED, Horvath SM. Estimation of body volume by underwater weighing: description of a simple method. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 23: 811–813.

[55] Konno K, Mead J. Measurement of the separate volume changes of rib cage and abdomen during breathing. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 407–422.

[56] Murray MP, Seireg A, Scholz RC. Center of gravity, center of pressure, and supportive forces during human activities. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 23: 831–838.

[57] Rawson RO, Hardy JD. Sweat inhibition by cutaneous cooling in normal sympathectomized and paraplegic man. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 287–291.

[58] Rosenberg E, MacLean LD. Effect of high oxygen tensions on diffusing capacity for CO and Krogh’s K. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 23: 11–17.

[59] Spencer MP, Gornall TA 3rd, Poulter TC. Respiratory and cardiac activity of killer whales. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 974–981.

[60] Stenberg J, Astrand PO, Ekblom B, Royce J, Saltin B. Hemodynamic response to work with different muscle groups, sitting and supine. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1967; 22: 61–70.

[61] Craig AB Jr, Medd WL. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during breath-hold diving. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 24: 190–202.

[62] Gilbert CA, Bricker LA, Springfield WT Jr, Stevens PM, Warren BH. Sodium and water excretion and renal hemodynamics during lower body negative pressure. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1966; 21: 1699–1704.

[63] Lloyd AJ. Muscle activity and kinesthetic position responses. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 25: 659–663.

[64] Morrison JB, Florio JT. Respiratory function during a simulated saturation dive to 1500 feet. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1971; 30: 724–732.

[65] Rao S. Respiratory responses to headstand posture. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 24: 697–699.

[66] Schneider RA. A fully automatic portable blood pressure recorder. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 24: 115–118.

[67] Trank J, Fetter R, Lauer RM. A spray-on electrode for recording the electrocardiogram during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 24: 267–268.

[68] Webb P, Annis JF. Cooling required to suppress sweating during work. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1968; 25: 489–493.

[69] Akers R, Buskirk ER. An underwater weighing system utilizing force cube transducers. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1969; 26: 649–652.

[70] Allen TH, Beard SE. Decompression sickness in simulated zoom flights. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1969; 26: 182–187.

[71] Atkins AR. Climatic chamber ergometer. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1969; 26: 510–512.

[72] Carter JE, Phillips WH. Structural changes in exercising middle-aged males during a 2-year period. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1969; 27: 787–794.

[73] Glagov S, Rowley DA, Cramer DB, Page RG. Heart rates during 24 hours of usual activity for 100 normal men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1970; 29: 799–805.

[74] Goldman M, Knudson RJ, Mead J, Peterson N, Schwaber JR, Wohl ME. A simplified measurement of respiratory resistance by forced oscillation. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1970; 28: 113–116.

[75] Petro JK, Hollander AP, Bouman LN. Instantaneous cardiac acceleration in man induced by a voluntary muscle contraction. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1970; 29: 794–798.

[76] Rao S, Potdar A. Nasal airflow with body in various positions. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1970; 28: 162–165.

[77] Webb P, Troutman SJ Jr. An instrument for continuous measurement of oxygen consumption. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1970; 28: 867–871.

[78] Azer NZ, McNall PE, Leung HC. Physiological effects of localized ventilation. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1971; 31: 669–674.

[79] Daniels J. Portable respiratory gas collection equipment. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1971; 31: 164–167.

[80] Lee RA, King AI. Visual vibration response. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1971; 30: 281–286.

[81] Maksud MG, Coutts KD, Hamilton LH. Time course of heart rate, ventilation, and Vo2 during laboratory and field exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1971; 30: 536–539.

[82] Keijzer A, Woerlee M, Kluver BD, Buist M. Direct measurement of sensible heat transfer between man and his environment. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1972; 33: 677–680.

[83] Webb P, Annis JF, Troutman SJ Jr. Human calorimetry with a water-cooled garment. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1972; 32: 412–418.

[84] Haines RF. Effect of passive 70 degrees head-up tilt on peripheral visual response time. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1973; 34: 329–333.

[85] Secher NH, Ruberg-Larsen N, Binkhorst RA, Bonde-Petersen F. Maximal oxygen uptake during arm cranking and combined arm plus leg exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1974; 36: 515–518.

[86] Shubrooks SJ Jr, Epstein M, Duncan DC. Effects of an anti-G suit on the hemodynamic and renal responses to positive (+Gz) acceleration. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1974; 36: 345–349.

[87] Lambertsen CJ, Idicula J. A new gas lesion syndrome in man, induced by “isobaric gas counterdiffusion”. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1975; 39: 434–443.

[88] Sybrecht GW, Garrett L, Anthonisen NR. Effect of chest strapping on regional lung function. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1975; 39: 707–713.

[89] Callin GD. A shower spray facility for accurate control and rapid changes of skin temperature. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1976; 40: 641–643.

[90] Costill DL, Daniels J, Evans W, Fink W, Krahenbuhl G, Saltin B. Skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in male and female track athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1976; 40: 149–154.

[91] Hoar PF, Raymond LW, Langworthy HC, Johnsonbaugh RE, Sode J. Physiological responses of men working in 25.5 degrees C water, breathing air or helium tri-mix. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1976; 40: 605–610.

[92] Ferguson RJ, Marcotte GG, Montpetit RR. A maximal oxygen uptake test during ice skating. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1969; 1: 207–211.

[93] Snook GA. Head and neck injuries in contact sports. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1969; 1: 117–123.

[94] Daniels J, Oldridge N. The effects of alternate exposure to altitude and sea level on world-class middle-distance runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1970; 2: 107–112.

[95] Ramey MR. Force relationships of the running long jump. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1970; 2: 146–151.

[96] Shaver LG. Effects of training on relative muscular endurance in ipsilateral and contralateral arms. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1970; 2: 165–171.

[97] Moon DW, Beedle CW, Kovacic CR. Peak head acceleration of athletes during competition—football. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1971; 3: 44–50.

[98] De Vries HA, Adams GM. Total muscle mass activation vs relative loading of individual muscle as determinants of exercise response in older men. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1972; 4: 146–154.

[99] Nelson RC, Dillman CJ, Lagasse P, Bickett P. Biomechanics of overground versus treadmill running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1972; 4: 233–240.

[100] Goldfuss AJ, Morehouse CA, LeVeau BF. Effect of muscular tension on knee stability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1973; 5: 267–271.

[101] Londeree BR. Validation of the oxygen consumption computer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1973; 5: 187–190.

[102] Robertson LD, Geeseman R, Nixon B. A device to strengthen and evaluate the medial rotator muscles of the leg. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1974; 6: 277–282.

[103] Rodgers KL, Berger RA. Motor-unit involvement and tension during maximum, voluntary concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions of the elbow flexors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1974; 6: 253–259.

[104] Schmidt RJ. Fatal anterior chest trauma in karate trainers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1975; 7: 59–61.

[105] Secher NH. Isometric rowing strength of experienced and inexperienced oarsmen. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1975; 7: 280–283.

[106] Zwiren LD, Bar-Or O. Responses to exercise of paraplegics who differ in conditioning level. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1975; 7: 94–98.

[107] Jackson RC, Secher NH. The aerobic demands of rowing in two Olympic rowers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 168–170.

[108] Millar AP. An early stretching routine for calf muscle strains. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 39–42.

[109] Ridge BR, Pyke FS, Roberts AD. Responses to kayak ergometer performance after kayak and bicycle ergometer training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 18–22.

[110] Robertson L. The effect of two exercise routines on the movement of medial rotation of the leg. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 253–257.

[111] Shanebrook JR, Jaszczak RD. Aerodynamic drag analysis of runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 43–45.

[112] Tesch P, Piehl K, Wilson G, Karlsson J. Physiological investigations of Swedish elite canoe competitors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1976; 8: 214–218.

[113] Perrine JJ, Edgerton VR. Muscle force-velocity and power-velocity relationships under isokinetic loading. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1978; 10: 159–166.

[114] Coyle EF, Costill DL, Lesmes GR. Leg extension power and muscle fiber composition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1979; 11: 12–15.

[115] Enoka RM. The pull in Olympic weightlifting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1979; 11: 131–137.

[116] Putnam CA. A mathematical model of hiking positions in a sailing dinghy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1979; 11: 288–292.

[117] Cureton TK. Mechanics and kinesiology of swimming. Research Quarterly. 1930; 1: 87–121.

[118] Cureton TK. Relationship of respiration to speed efficiency in swimming. Research Quarterly. 1930; 1: 54–70.

[119] Cureton TK. The validity of antero-posterior spinal measurement. Research Quarterly. 1931; 2: 101–113.

[120] Hindman DA, Hamlin HE. A simple pulse recorder. Research Quarterly. 1931; 2: 74–77.

[121] Miles WR. Studies in physical exertion: II. Individual and group reaction time in football charging. Research Quarterly. 1931; 2: 5–13.

[122] Anderson WG. Comments on the “push-up and pull-up”. Research Quarterly. 1932; 3: 81–84.

[123] Christenson CH. An improvement in technique for measuring antero-posterior posture. Research Quarterly. 1933; 4: 89–96.

[124] Jackson CO. An experimental study of the effect of fear on muscular coordination. Research Quarterly. 1933; 4: 71–80.

[125] Wilson CT. Coordination tests in swimming. Research Quarterly. 1934; 5: 81–88.

[126] Cureton TK, Wickens JS, Elder HP. Reliability and objectivity of the Springfield postural measurements. Research Quarterly. 1935; 6: 81–93.

[127] Cureton TK, Wickens JS. The center of gravity of the human body in the antero-posterior plane and its relation to posture, physical fitness, and athletic ability. Research Quarterly. 1935; 6: 93–105.

[128] Hubbard CH. Advantages of a new shadow-silhouettograph over the original. Research Quarterly. 1935; 6: 50–53.

[129] Wickens JS, Kiphuth OW. Body mechanics analysis of Yale university freshmen. Research Quarterly. 1937; 8: 38–48.

[130] Burge WE, Krouse R, Terry HL, Burge EL, Monsson CD, Koons E. The effect of exercise, fatigue, and exhaustion on the electrical potential of the brain cortex and threshold of the knee jerk. Research Quarterly. 1938; 9: 45–53.

[131] Everts EW, Hathaway GJ. The use of a belt to measure leg strength improves the administration of physical fitness tests. Research Quarterly. 1938; 9: 62–69.

[132] Slater-Hammel AT, Butler LK. A mechanical pulse recorder for pulse rate tests. Research Quarterly. 1940; 11: 3–8.

[133] Cureton TK. Bodily posture as an indicator of fitness. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 348–367.

[134] Cureton TK. Fitness of the feet and legs. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 368–380.

[135] Cureton KJ. Flexibility as an aspect of physical fitness. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 381–390.

[136] Cureton TK, Larson LA. Strength as an approach to physical fitness. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 391–406.

[137] Phillips BE. The relationship between certain phases of kinesthesis and performance during the early stages of acquiring two perceptuo-motor skills. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 571–586.

[138] Slater-Hammel A. Possible neuromuscular mechanism as limiting factor for rate of leg movement in sprinting. Research Quarterly. 1941; 12: 745–756.

[139] Kireilis RW, Cureton TK. The relationships of external fat to physical education activities and fitness tests. Research Quarterly. 1947; 18: 123–134.

[140] Groves WH. Mechanical analysis of diving. Research Quarterly. 1950; 21: 132–144.

[141] Slater-Hammel AT. Bilateral effects of muscle activity. Research Quarterly. 1950; 21: 203–209.

[142] Karpovich PV. An improved tape for measuring the chest girth. Research Quarterly. 1951; 22: 334–336.

[143] Zorbas WS, Karpovich PV. The effect of weight lifting upon the speed of muscular contractions. Research Quarterly. 1951; 22: 145–148.

[144] Solley WH. The effects of verbal instruction of speed and accuracy upon the learning of a motor skill. Research Quarterly. 1952; 23: 231–240.

[145] Henderschott R, Sigerseth PO. Landing force in a portable collapsible jumping pit compared with that in conventional jumping pits. Research Quarterly. 1953; 24: 410–413.

[146] Henry FM. Dynamic kinesthetic perception and adjustment. Research Quarterly. 1953; 24: 176–187.

[147] Mumby HH. Kinesthetic acuity and balance related to wrestling ability. Research Quarterly. 1953; 24: 327–334.

[148] Clarke HH. Comparison of instruments for recording muscle strength. Research Quarterly. 1954; 25: 398–411.

[149] Hubbard AW, Seng CN. Visual movements of batters. Research Quarterly. 1954; 25: 42–57.

[150] Rasch PJ. Relationship of arm strength, weight, and length to speed of arm movement. Research Quarterly. 1954; 25: 328–332.

[151] Clarke DH, Herman EL. Objective determination of resistance load for ten repetitions maximum for quadriceps development. Research Quarterly. 1955; 26: 385–390.

[152] Counsilman JE. Forces in swimming two types of crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. 1955; 26: 127–139.

[153] Manolis GG. Relation of charging time to blocking performance in football. Research Quarterly. 1955; 26: 170–178.

[154] Van Huss WD, Cureton TK. Relationship of selected tests with energy metabolism and swimming performance. Research Quarterly. 1955; 26: 205–221.

[155] Clarke HH, Geser LR, Hunsdon SB. Comparison of upper arm measurements by use of roentgenogram and anthropometric techniques. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 379–385.

[156] Hall DM. Selection and standardization of strength tests for 4-H club members. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 285–295.

[157] Hall DM. Standardization of flexibility tests for 4-H club members. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 296–300.

[158] Johnson BL. Influence of puberal development on responses to motivated exercise. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 182–193.

[159] Rasch PJ. Effect of position of forearm on strength of elbow flexion. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 333–337.

[160] Sigerseth PO, McCloy CH. Electromyographic study of selected muscles involved in movements of upper arm at scapulohumeral joint. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 409–417.

[161] Whitley JD, Smith LE. Influence of three different training programs on strength and speed of a limb movement. Research Quarterly. 1966; 37: 132–142.

[162] Wolbers CP. Development of strength in high school boys by static muscle contractions. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 446–450.

[163] King Jr WH, Irwin LW. A time and motion study of competitive backstroke swimming turns. Research Quarterly. 1957; 28: 257–268.

[164] Pacheco BA. Improvement in jumping performance due to preliminary exercise. Research Quarterly. 1957; 28: 55–63.

[165] Healy A. Two methods of weight-training for children with spastic type of cerebral palsy. Research Quarterly. 1958; 29: 389–395.

[166] Rarick L, Jones Thompson JA. Roentgenographic measures of leg muscle size and ankle extensor strength of seven-year-old children. Research Quarterly. 1956; 27: 321–332.

[167] Sills FD, Olson AL. Action potentials in unexercised arm when opposite arm is exercised. Research Quarterly. 1958; 29: 213–221.

[168] Swegan DB, Yankosky GT, Williams JA. Effect of repetition upon speed of preferred-arm extension. Research Quarterly. 1958; 29: 74–82.

[169] Thompson CW, Nagle FJ, Dobias R. Football starting signals and movement times of high school and college football players. Research Quarterly. 1958; 29: 222–230.

[170] Lotter WS. Effects of fatigue and warm-up on speed of arm movements. Research Quarterly. 1959; 30: 57–65.

[171] Mastropaolo JA. Analysis of fundamentals of fencing. Research Quarterly. 1959; 30: 285–291.

[172] Padden DA. Ability of deaf swimmers to orient themselves when submerged in water. Research Quarterly. 1959; 30: 214–226.

[173] Wilson DJ. Quickness of reaction and movement related to rhythmicity or nonrhythmicity of signal presentation. Research Quarterly. 1959; 30: 101–109.

[174] Cratty BJ, Hutton RS. Figure aftereffects resulting from gross action patterns. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 116–125.

[175] Henry FM. Factorial structure of speed and static strength in a lateral arm movement. Research Quarterly. 1960; 31: 440–447.

[176] Smith LE. Individual differences in strength, reaction latency, mass and length of limbs, and their relation to maximal speed of movement. Research Quarterly. 1961; 32: 208–220.

[177] Smith LE. Reaction time and movement time in four large muscle movements. Research Quarterly. 1961; 32: 88–92.

[178] Cratty BJ. Transfer of small-pattern practice to large-pattern learning. Research Quarterly. 1962; 33: 523–535.

[179] Hermann GW. An electromyographic study of selected muscles involved in the shot put. Research Quarterly. 1962; 33: 85–93.

[180] Nelson DO, Finch LW. Effect of audio-analgesia on gross motor performance involving acute fatigue. Research Quarterly. 1962; 33: 588–592.

[181] Piscopo J. Skinfold and other anthropometrical measurements of preadolescent boys from three ethnic groups. Research Quarterly. 1962; 33: 255–264.

[182] Smith LE, Harrison JS. Comparison of the effects of visual, motor, mental, and guided practice upon speed and accuracy of performing a simple eye-hand coordination task. Research Quarterly. 1962; 33: 299–307.

[183] Faulkner J, Greey G, Hunsicker P. Heart rate during physical education periods. Research Quarterly. 1963; 34: 95–98.

[184] Lindeburg FA, Edwards DK, Heath WD. Effect of isometric exercise on standing broad jumping ability. Research Quarterly. 1963; 34: 478–483.

[185] Smith LE, Lewis FD. Handedness and its influence upon static neuromuscular control. Research Quarterly. 1963; 34: 206–212.

[186] Alexander JF, Drake CJ, Reichenbach PJ, Haddow JB. Effect of strength development on speed of shooting of varsity ice hockey players. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 101–106.

[187] Dempsey JA. Anthropometrical observations on obese and nonobese young men undergoing a program of vigorous physical exercise. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 275–287.

[188] Kitzman EW. Baseball: electromyographic study of batting swing. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 166–178.

[189] Lindeburg FA. Leg angle and muscular efficiency in the inverted leg press. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 179–183.

[190] Pierson WR, Rasch PJ. Effects of knowledge of results on isometric strength scores. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 313–315.

[191] Sedgwick AW. Effect of actively increased muscle temperature on local muscular endurance. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 532–538.

[192] Smith LE. Effect of muscular stretch, tension, and relaxation upon the reaction time and speed of movement of a supported limb. Research Quarterly. 1964; 35: 546–553.

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