A potential target for the prevention and therapy of colon cancer: focused on men's clinical features

Colon cancer (CCa) is a prevalent malignancy among men and ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally, highlighting the critical need for the development of natural therapeutics for both its treatment and prevention. In this regard, the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants have been extensively studied, revealing their potential in exhibiting anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities relevant to colon cancer prevention and therapy. Current pharmacologic strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment are under active investigation, yet a universally accepted gold standard remains elusive. The identification of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers plays a pivotal role in enhancing cancer treatment strategies. It enables the customization of therapeutic approaches and is closely linked with the treatment outcomes and prognosis in CCa patients, particularly concerning cell resistance. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a key component in chemotherapy regimens for CRC, is known for its severe side effects and the potential for developing chemoresistance. Research has shown that Portulaca oleracea extract can inhibit the proliferation of HT29 cancer stem cells at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 2.25 µg/mL, enhancing the sensitivity of these cells to 5-FU. Moreover, the extract may regulate the growth of CCa stem cells by suppressing the expression of Notch1 and β-catenin genes, thereby interfering with the Notch signaling pathway. This review summarizes the findings of clinical trials involving medicinal plants with promising effects against CRC in men. Given the pharmacological efficacy of these plants, their extracts hold promise as viable alternative treatments for CCa.

Colon cancer; Anti-cancer; Anti-oxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Pharmacological plants

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