CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROSIS AMONG ELDERLY FISHING AND AGRICULTURAL POPULATION IN TAIPEI, TAIWAN

Purpose

This article is aimed to evaluate through quantification the prevalence and related aspects of osteopo-rosis among the aging people working in the fishing and agricultural areas in Taipei, Taiwan.

Methods

The population (n=4360) aged 65 years and above and who were admitted to a teaching hospital for a physical examination in 2010 were involved in this study. Osteoporosis is defined as bone min-eral density (BMD) of 2.5 standard deviation (SD) or more under the young adult mean value (−2.5 SD or inferior).

Results

The population presented an over-occurrence of osteoporosis, scoring 34.4%, and exposed a statisti-cally important rise with cumulative age (P<0.001). Female population displayed a higher incidence than male population (48.1% vs. 26.4%; P<0.001). The age-specific frequency of osteoporosis in 65–74 years, 75–84 years, and ≥85 years was 27.7, 40.0, and 56.7%, respectively. The multinomial logis-tic regression showed that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.09), body height (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99), body weight (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–099), waist circumference (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), total cholesterol (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02), uric acid (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.95), and regular habits of meat intake (OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.19–1.75) were statistically significantly associated with osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Numerous medical aspects were individualistically specified, relating the occurrence of osteoporosis in the elderly among the population involved in fishing and agriculture.

agricultural and fishing population; elderly; osteoporosis; prevalence

1. Liu BX, Chen SP, Li YD, et al. The effect of the modified eighth section of eight-section brocade on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a prospective randomized trial. Medicine 2015;94:e991. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.00000 00000000991

2. Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, et al. Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: risk factor updates and societal impact. World J Orthop 2016;7: 171–81. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v7.i3.171

3. Berry SD, McLean RR, Hannan MT, et al. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) may pre-dict the risk of fracture differently in older adults according to fall history. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:2345–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13127

4. Darbà J, Kaskens L, Pérez-Álvarez N, et al. Disability-adjusted-life-years losses in postmeno-pausal women with osteoporosis: a burden of illness study. BMC Public Health 2015;15:324. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1684-7

5. Mettyas T, Carpenter C. Secondary prevention of osteoporosis in non-neck of femur fragility frac-tures: is it value for money? A retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional cohort study. J Orthop Surg Res 2013;8:44. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1749-799X-8-44

6. Ferencz V, Horváth CS, Huszár S, et al. Evaluation of risk factors for fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Orv Hetil 2015;156: 146–53. https://doi.org/10.1556/OH.2015.30088

7. Finkenstedt G, Skrabal F, Gasser RW, et al. Lactose absorption, milk consumption, and fast-ing blood glucose concentrations in women with idiopathic osteoporosis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986;292:161–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.292. 6514.161

8. Ishii S, Miyao M, Mizuno Y, et al. Association between serum uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Osteoporos Int 2014;25: 1099–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2571-7

9. Nabipour I, Sambrook PN, Blyth FM, et al. Serum uric acid is associated with bone health in older men: a cross-sectional population-based study. J Bone Miner Res 2011;26:955–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.286

 10. Waugh EJ, Lam MA, Hawker GA, et al. Risk factors for low bone mass in healthy 40–60 year old women: a systematic review of the literature. Osteoporos Int 2009;20:1–21. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00198-008-0643-x

 11. Shin S, Joung H. A dairy and fruit dietary pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of osteo-porosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2013;110:1926–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513001219

 12. Baron JA, Farahmand BY, Weiderpass E, et al. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of hip fracture in women. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:983–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte. 161.7.983

 13. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and man-agement of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2013;24:23–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y

 14. Jang SY, Kim IH, Ju EY, et al. Chronic kidney dis-ease and metabolic syndrome in a general Korean population: the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III) Study. J Public Health 2010;32:538–46. https://doi. org/10.1093/pubmed/fdp127

 15. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SE, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005;112:2735– 52. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 105.169404

 16. Chan YH. Multinomial logistic regression. Singapore Med J 2005;46:259–69.

 17. D'Amelio P, Spertino E, Martino F, et al. Prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Italy and validation of decision rules for referring women for bone densitometry. Calcif Tissue Int 2013;92:437–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223- 013- 9699-5

 18. Jeon YJ, Kim JW, Park JS. Factors associated with the treatment of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Women Health 2014;54: 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2013. 862896

 19. Lo SS. Bone health status of postmenopausal Chinese women. Hong Kong Med J 2015;21: 536–41. https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj154527

 20. Lim YS, Lee SW, Tserendejid Z, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis according to nutrient and food group intake levels in Korean postmenopausal women: using the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Nutr Res Pract 2015;9:539–46. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.539

 21. Domingues VR, de Campos GC, Plapler PG, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients await-ing total hip arthroplasty. Acta Ortop Bras 2015;23: 34–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7852 2015230 100981

 22. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, et al. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1981;67:328–35. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI 110039

 23. Siminoski K, Jiang G, Adachi JD, et al. Accuracy of height loss during prospective monitoring for detection of incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:403–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1709-z

 24. Siminoski K, Warshawski RS, Jen H, et al. The accuracy of historical height loss for the detection of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:290–6. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00198-005-2017-y

 25. Bennani L, Allali F, Rostom S, et al. Relationship between historical height loss and vertebral frac-tures in postmenopausal women. Clin Rheumatol 2009;28:1283–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067- 009- 1236-6

 26. Yeoum SG, Lee JH. Usefulness of estimated height loss for detection of osteoporosis in women. J Korean Acad Nurs 2011;41:758–67. https://doi. org/10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.758

 27. Krege JH, Kendler D, Krohn K, et al. Relationship between vertebral fracture burden, height loss, and pulmonary function in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Densitom 2015;18: 506–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.02.004

 28. Joakimsen RM, Fønnebø V, Magnus JH, et al. The Tromsø Study: body height, body mass index and fractures. Osteoporos Int 1998;8:436–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980050088

 29. Meyer HE, Tverdal A, Falch JA. Body height, body mass index, and fatal hip fractures: 16 years' follow-up of 674,000 Norwegian women and men. Epidemiology 1995;6:299–305. https://doi. org/10.1097/00001648-199505000-00019

 30. Briot K, Legrand E, Pouchain D, et al. Accuracy of patient-reported height loss and risk factors for height loss among postmenopausal women. CMAJ 2010;182:558–62. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.090710